Water Supply & Sanitation
Survey and design of rural water supply and sanitation systems, construction supervision and post-construction evaluation, and financial viability studies of water supply schemes.
A rural water supply scheme is judged years after the ribbon is cut, by whether water still reaches the tapstand in the dry season and whether the users' committee can afford to maintain it. Both outcomes are set at design stage, by an honest source yield assessment and a tariff that reflects real operating cost.
e2services surveys and designs rural water supply and sanitation systems for municipalities, the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, and development programmes. The work runs from source identification and yield measurement, through hydraulic design of transmission and distribution, to reservoir sizing, treatment where the source requires it, and the sanitation components that make the intervention meaningful.
We also carry out the two things that are most often skipped. Construction supervision, so that what is built matches what was designed. And post-construction evaluation, which is the only way an agency learns whether its scheme portfolio is actually functioning — and the only honest basis for the next round of investment.
Financial viability studies sit alongside the engineering. A scheme that is hydraulically sound and financially unsustainable has simply deferred its failure, and we would rather say so during the study than after handover.
What we deliver
- Surveys and design of rural water supply and sanitation systems
- Construction supervision of water supply schemes
- Post-construction evaluation of completed systems
- Financial viability studies of water supply and sanitation schemes
- Source assessment and water quality testing
How the work runs
- 01
Source identification and yield assessment
Candidate sources located and measured across seasons where the schedule allows, with water quality tested rather than assumed.
- 02
Demand and settlement survey
Household and institutional demand established from a settlement survey, projected over the design horizon.
- 03
Hydraulic design
Transmission and distribution network sized for peak demand and residual pressure, with reservoir and break-pressure structures located against the terrain survey.
- 04
Cost estimate and financial viability
Capital and recurrent cost built up, and tariff tested against what the user community can sustain.
- 05
Supervision and post-construction evaluation
Quality supervision during construction, and functional evaluation after commissioning to confirm delivered service.
What you receive
- Feasibility and detailed design report
- Source yield and water quality assessment
- Topographic survey and network layout drawings
- Hydraulic calculations and network design
- Structural drawings for intake, reservoir and tapstands
- Bill of quantities and cost estimate
- Financial viability analysis and tariff recommendation
- Construction supervision and post-construction evaluation reports
Common questions
Do you work on sanitation as well as water supply?
Yes — our published scope covers surveys and design of rural water supply and sanitation systems together, which is how these schemes are usually procured and how they need to be designed.
Can you evaluate schemes that are already built?
Post-construction evaluation is an explicit part of our scope. It is the service agencies most often need and least often commission, and it is what turns a portfolio of completed schemes into evidence for the next investment cycle.
Need a survey, a design package, or a multi-disciplinary study team?
Tell us about the corridor, basin, or facility. We will respond with the right mix of engineering and field capability.